Protein discovery may determine sperm selection

Protein discovery may determine sperm selection

Scientists have discovered that a protein called “CatSper1” may act as a type of molecular “barcode” which can help to determine which sperm cells will make it to the egg.

We are discovering more about the sperm selection process each day and as scientists, this new research comes as valuable information as to how we may be able to help explain why some people are having trouble falling pregnant naturally. It also allows us to develop current IVF techniques to help improve success for our patients.

The latest research has revealed that there is an additional selection process that sperm cells undertake when they begin their journey into the female reproductive tract. Scientists from the Cellular and Molecular Physiology laboratory at Yale School of Medicine in Connecticut have developed a new molecular imaging strategy to observe the sperm selection process within the reproductive tract. They discovered that a sperm protein called CatSper1 needs to remain intact for a sperm cell to fertilise an egg.

Within the sperm, there are four specific proteins that create a specialised channel to allow calcium to move into its tail. This channel is essential for the movement of the sperm and survival. The researchers discovered that if this protein is removed, the sperm is unable to travel up the reproductive tract to the egg and as a result, the sperm will deteriorate and die.

This is yet another important breakthrough that could help scientists understand more about the fertilisation process and add further insights into the development of innovative fertility treatments.

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FAQs about improving natural fertility

Will stress affect my ability to get pregnant?

Yes, chronic stress can impact fertility by disrupting hormonal balance and ovulation patterns. Managing stress through relaxation techniques, regular exercise, adequate sleep, and mindfulness practices may help optimise your chances of conception. Consider speaking with a counsellor if stress feels overwhelming.

How does my partner's health affect our fertility?

Sperm health accounts for about 40% of conception challenges. Your partner can improve sperm health by maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding excessive heat exposure (hot tubs, saunas, tight clothing), limiting alcohol, quitting smoking, managing stress, and taking a multivitamin with antioxidants. Sperm takes about 3 months to develop, so lifestyle changes need time to show results.

When during my cycle am I most fertile?

Your fertile window typically spans 5-6 days, ending on ovulation day. For a regular 28-day cycle, this usually falls between days 10-15, with peak fertility 1-2 days before ovulation. Track your cycle using ovulation predictor kits, basal body temperature, or cervical mucus changes to identify your unique pattern. Having intercourse every 1-2 days during this window optimises your chances.